When John Dalberg-Acton, a notable figure in English politics, remarked, “Power tends to corrupt,” he was addressing a vast and complex topic. There exist various forms of power; while some may lead to corruption, others can inspire greatness in individuals if utilized appropriately. This effective use of power can enhance workplace morale and boost productivity.
The right application of power can be likened to how democracy contrasts with autocracy. A leader who utilizes their credibility and authority to encourage participation in decision-making fosters a sense of ownership among team members, analogous to voters in a democratic society. Conversely, when leadership resembles that of an autocrat, engagement tends to be minimal or even absent. Although tasks may still be completed in a tightly controlled organization, high turnover rates and lack of sustainability often accompany such an approach.
There are various types of power, but the four discussed in this piece are among the most prevalent methods through which leaders can exert influence. Here’s what to understand about each type to wield your influence effectively.
Coercive Power
Coercive power manifests as the ability to inspire compliance through negative consequences—essentially using some form of punishment for non-adherence. In certain scenarios, this approach can prove successful. For instance, the prevalent fear of punishment effectively deters crime, which is a vital aspect of the justice system. However, this principle does not apply universally. There exists a belief that those who utilize coercive power to push their agendas are not so much leading as they are instilling fear. While employing fear might help you reach a project’s deadline, it is unlikely to foster a sense of loyalty and celebration among team members.
Should you find yourself saying things like, “If you’re not interested in this position, I’ll find someone who is,” or using intimidation to ensure timely submission of reports, remember that there are more constructive approaches. Consider that the employee you chastise today could become a vital ally tomorrow. It’s essential to set clear expectations and enforce boundaries, but this should be done in a manner that ultimately benefits everyone involved.
Legitimate Power
Legitimate power arises from an individual’s formally designated role within an organization’s structure, empowering them to issue directives and anticipate compliance. However, this authority can sometimes be granted by someone with more significant power, making its use delicate. Combining legitimate power with coercive tactics might lead to the premature end of your tenure, so proceed with caution.
Your team is more likely to invest effort into their work if you approach them with respect. Thus, use your legitimate power thoughtfully. One reason why CEOs like Lynsi Snyder of In-N-Out Burger and Gary Kelly of Southwest Airlines are so respected is their appreciation for their employees while expecting high performance from them. Titles can indicate authority, but they don’t always guarantee influence; recognize this distinction.
Expert Power
Leaders possessing expert power are recognized for their extensive knowledge and skills, making them invaluable resources for others. Their experience has proven effective, often earning them substantial respect. Typically, those with expert power are considered the intellectual leaders within their organizations, which is a natural extension of their expertise. Their colleagues respect their authority, often yielding to their knowledge because they tend to have more insight than others present. Nonetheless, even esteemed experts risk diminishing their credibility if they lack interpersonal skills or allow their egos to overshadow their contributions.
For instance, Dr. Howard Gardner, renowned for his book Multiple Intelligences, resonates with the public, not just because he is an authority in his field, but because he also comprehends how the dynamics of human relationships and rapport can elevate the value of his expertise, leveraging it to further his influence.
Referent Power
Aspiring to possess referent power is essential for every leader, as it hinges on relational skills to bring individuals together towards a shared goal. A well-respected coach who motivates their team with genuine encouragement and inspires determination embodies referent power. Similarly, a CEO who carries a loyal following to a new position epitomizes this kind of influence.
Figures like Representative John Lewis exemplified referent power during his lifetime, which has been evident in the immense respect he continues to receive posthumously. His notable interpersonal skills and fervent advocacy inspired many to engage in meaningful actions, contributing significantly to America’s leadership legacy.
Power can serve as both an instrument and a weapon of influence, shaped by the person wielding it. It is crucial for leaders to ensure that their use of power is uplifting rather than detrimental. Strikingly, effective leadership often manifests through the capacity to share authority and foster a genuine sense of esprit de corps.
